The conversation kept coming back to the gap between the front end and the floor: digital air waybills and real-time tracking at one end, printed manifests and clipboards in the warehouse at the other. On systems, both airlines landed in the same place: buy rather than build, and choose partners who understand how cargo actually runs. Looking ahead, the panel pointed to semiconductors alongside e-commerce, dynamic pricing and smart warehouses moving from pilot to practice, and deeper inter-airline partnerships opening capacity across networks.